Kardigan has made a strong public market entrance, with shares jumping more than 37% on its first day of trading following a $400 million initial public offering that underscores continued investor appetite for biotech listings. The cardiovascular-focused company upsized its IPO ahead of pricing, ultimately selling 25 million shares at $16 each, the top end of its revised range. The offering had initially targeted 23.3 million shares priced between $14 and $16. The debut places Kardigan among the largest biotech IPOs of 2026 so far, tied for third alongside Generate:Biomedicines. It follows closely behind Parabilis Medicines, which raised $670 million, and Kailera Therapeutics, which raised $625 million in earlier listings this year. Strong First-Day Performance Signals Continued Biotech Risk Appetite The sharp first-day gain reflects sustained investor demand for differentiated biotech assets despite a volatile funding environment. Public market enthusiasm has been particularly concentrated in companies with clearly defined therapeutic areas and late-stage or de-risked clinical programmes, with cardiovascular disease emerging as a notable area of interest alongside oncology and obesity. Kardigan’s listing adds further momentum to what has already been a record-setting year for biotech IPO activity. Pipeline Built Around Cardiovascular Disease Mechanisms Proceeds from the IPO will be used to advance Kardigan’s pipeline of therapies targeting the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. The company’s lead asset, danicamtiv, was in-licensed from Bristol Myers Squibb and is currently being evaluated in the Phase IIb/III KINSHIP-DCM study in patients with genetic dilated cardiomyopathy associated with MYH7 and TTN mutations. Danicamtiv sits at the centre of Kardigan’s strategy to address inherited and mechanistic drivers of cardiac dysfunction rather than symptom management alone. The company is also developing ataciguat, an oral soluble guanylate cyclase activator, currently in a Phase IIb study for calcific aortic valve stenosis under the KATALYST-AV trial. A third programme, tonlamarsen, is a liver-directed antisense oligonucleotide in Phase II development for severe hypertension following hospitalisation in the KARDINAL-ASH study. Each asset targets distinct but interconnected cardiovascular pathways, reflecting a broader industry shift toward mechanism-based approaches in cardiometabolic disease. IPO Market Continues to Favour Defined Clinical Narratives Kardigan’s successful debut adds to a growing pattern in biotech public offerings, where investor attention has increasingly gravitated toward companies with clear mechanistic hypotheses and focused disease areas. Cardiovascular disease, long considered a challenging but high-value therapeutic area, is seeing renewed interest as genetic insights and precision medicine approaches reshape development strategies. The strong IPO performance suggests that, despite broader market uncertainty, capital remains available for companies with credible clinical differentiation and defined late-stage assets. A Strong Start, but Clinical Execution Now in Focus While the IPO marks a successful entry into public markets, Kardigan now faces the next phase of scrutiny as it advances its clinical programmes toward key data readouts. The company’s ability to translate its mechanistic pipeline into clinical and regulatory success will ultimately determine whether early investor enthusiasm is sustained beyond the initial trading momentum. Discover how nuaxia can support your next medical education initiative: Find out more about our specialist services - Moore's Outcome Assessments, Educational Needs Assessments and Patient Impact Studies for the Medical Education sector Contact us on: support@nuaxia.com

Examining the latest strategies, trends, and outcomes in respiratory education to drive measurable improvements. In respiratory medicine, where disease burden continues to rise globally, the role of effective medical education has never been more critical. But how well does respiratory-focused education translate into meaningful learning outcomes? At nuaxia, we analysed behavioural data from respiratory education activities to understand how learning interventions influence knowledge and competence among healthcare professionals. Using advanced analytical techniques, nuaxia assessed changes in learner performance before and after respiratory education initiatives. By examining patterns in engagement, knowledge acquisition and competence development, this analysis offers clear, objective insights into what works and where respiratory education delivers the greatest impact. Key Findings at a Glance 93% of Participants Improved Their Scores The vast majority of participants attained significant gains in knowledge and competence, highlighting the strong learning value embedded in our CME activities. 67% of Participants Moved Up One or More Score Groups Through data clustering into four distinct groups (Low, Average, High, and Top), we tracked significant upward movement: 67% improved 31% remained stable Only 2% saw a decrease This demonstrates how targeted education engages HCPs at their current level and supports meaningful professional growth. 46% Achieved the Top Score After Medical Education Activity Perhaps most impressively, nearly half of all participants reached the top performance group, indicating that CME activities are not only raising the bar but also helping HCPs reach it. Score Distribution: Before vs. After Baseline Scores: Most participants began in the High (50.1%) or Average (38.6%) categories. Post-Activity Scores: The distribution shifted significantly, with most participants now in the Top (45.6%) or High (41.2%) categories. This demonstrates that high-quality medical education not only teaches but also empowers HCPs to apply what they learn. Why These Results Matter In an era where evidence-based practice is critical, these results provide compelling proof that targeted, high-quality medical education can: Close knowledge gaps Elevate clinical competence Drive behavioural change These improvements benefit HCPs and contribute to better patient outcomes worldwide. Our Methodology The analysis was based on: 180 educational activities 8 individual therapeutic areas Participants with at least 3 data points at both baseline and post-activity Clustering was done using silhouette scoring, which optimises groupings for analytical clarity. This ensures that the insights gained are both scientifically valid and actionable. Looking Ahead These insights reinforce the value of data-driven decision-making in medical education. If you're planning a new CME programme or want to measure the impact of your current educational initiatives, nuaxia’s database and analytics capabilities can help you deliver outcomes that matter. Discover how nuaxia can support your next medical education initiative: Find out more about our specialist services - Moore's Outcome Assessments, Educational Needs Assessments and Patient Impact Studies for the Medical Education sector Contact us on: support@nuaxia.com

The two-year tariff-free window could prompt overseas manufacturers and US importers to reassess production, investment and sourcing before higher duties take effect. President Donald Trump has announced that generic drugs imported into the US will remain subject to a zero tariff for two years from 1 August 2026, followed by a 100% tariff for one year and a 200% tariff thereafter. If formalised, the timetable could materially change the economics of supplying the US generics market and increase pressure on manufacturers to establish domestic production. Field Content Alert Type Industry Update Topic Trade policy and pharmaceutical manufacturing Organisation(s) US administration; President Donald Trump Affected Stakeholders Overseas generic-drug manufacturers, US pharmaceutical importers and companies reliant on imported generic products or ingredients Geography US What Happened Trump announced that imported generic drugs would retain a zero tariff for two years from 1 August 2026. The announced rate would then rise to 100% for one year and 200% thereafter, with the stated aim of encouraging generic-drug manufacturers to build production capacity in the US. The announcement did not itself provide the formal tariff classifications, exemptions or implementation mechanism. Why It Matters The proposed rates could substantially alter manufacturing and sourcing decisions for companies supplying generic medicines to the US. The two-year transition gives affected businesses time to evaluate domestic investment, but the commercial consequences will depend on the final scope and rules. Supporting Context An April 2026 presidential proclamation imposed tariffs on certain patented pharmaceutical products but stated that generic pharmaceuticals, associated ingredients and biosimilars would not be subject to Section 232 tariffs at that time. It also required the Department of Commerce to report within one year on circumstances that might support further action on generic imports. Who Is Most Affected Foreign manufacturers supplying generic medicines to the US face the clearest potential exposure. US importers may need to review suppliers and costs, while domestic manufacturers could gain a stronger incentive to expand capacity. Industry Impact If implemented as announced, the policy could accelerate US manufacturing investment and encourage supply-chain restructuring. Its effect on medicine costs, competition and availability would depend on whether manufacturers can establish sufficient domestic capacity and on any exemptions included in the formal rules. Key Takeaway Generic-drug manufacturers have been given an announced two-year planning window, but formal implementation details will determine which products and companies are ultimately affected. What to Watch A presidential proclamation, Federal Register notice or Department of Commerce guidance confirming the legal basis, covered tariff codes, treatment of active pharmaceutical ingredients and biosimilars, exemptions and criteria for qualifying US investment. Primary Source President Donald Trump’s Truth Social announcement Relevant Date 21 July 2026 Discover how nuaxia can support your next medical education initiative: Find out more about our specialist services - Moore's Outcome Assessments, Educational Needs Assessments and Patient Impact Studies for the Medical Education sector Contact us on: support@nuaxia.com